Osteoporosis

References

Citations

1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2004). Osteoporosis. Clinical Management Guidelines for Obstetrician-Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 50. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 103(1): 203–216.

2. Anderson JJB (2004). Nutrition and bone health. In LK Mahan, S Escott-Stump, eds., Krause's Food, Nutrition, and Diet Therapy, pp. 642–666. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

3. Feldstein A, et al. (2003). Bone mineral density measurement and treatment for osteoporosis in older individuals with fractures. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163(18): 2165–2172.

4. Cummings SR, Melton LJ III (2002). Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures. Lancet, 359(9319): 1761–1767.

5. Nieves J (2002). Nutrition. In SR Cummings et al., eds., Osteoporosis: An Evidence-Based Guide to Prevention and Management, pp. 85–108. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine.

6. Tucker KL, et al. (2006). Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham osteoporosis study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84(4): 936–942.

7. American College of Rheumatology (2001). Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 44(7): 1496–1503.

8. Ensrud KE, et al. (2004). Antiepileptic drug use increases rates of bone loss in older women. Neurology, 62(11): 2051–2057.

9. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (2003). Medical guidelines for clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocrine Practice, 9(6): 544–564.

10. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. (2004). Effect of vitamin D on falls: A meta-analysis. JAMA, 291(16): 1999–2006.

11. Mosekilde L, et al. (2005). Fracture prevention in postmenopausal women, search date February 2006. Online version of Clinical Evidence (14): 1–18.

12. Jackson RD, et al. (2006). Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(7): 669–683.

13. Bonaiuti D, et al. (2006). Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1). Oxford: Update Software.

14. Fletcher SW, Colditz GA (2002). Failure of estrogen plus progestin therapy for prevention. JAMA, 288(3): 366–368.

15. Shumaker SA, et al. (2003). Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative memory study: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 289(20): 2651–2662.

16. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2003). Postmenopausal hormone therapy: Questions and answers. Available online: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/women/q_a.htm.

17. Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee (2004). Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. JAMA, 291(14): 1701–1712.

18. Silverman SL (2002). Calcitonin. In SR Cummings et al., eds., Osteoporosis: An Evidence-Based Guide to Prevention and Management, pp. 197–208. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine.

19. Harris ST, et al. (2001). Effect of combined risedronate and hormone replacement therapies on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86(5): 1890–1897.

20. Greenspan SL, et al. (2003). Combination therapy with hormone replacement and alendronate for prevention of bone loss in elderly women. JAMA, 289(19): 2525–2533.

21. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2002). FDA approves teriparatide to treat osteoporosis. FDA Talk Paper T02-49. Available online: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2002/ANS01176.html.

22. Prestwood KM, et al. (2003). Ultralow-dose micronized 17 B-estradiol and bone density and bone metabolism in older women. JAMA, 290(8): 1042–1048.

23. National Institutes of Health (2006). Osteoporosis overview. Available online: http://www.niams.nih.gov/bone/hi/overview.htm.

24. Fiechtner JJ (2003). Hip fracture prevention. Postgraduate Medicine, 114(3): 22–32.

25. LaCroix AZ, et al. (2003). Statin use, clinical fracture, and bone density in postmenopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139(2): 97–104.

26. Bauer DC, et al. (2004). Use of statins and fracture: Results of 4 prospective studies and cumulative meta-analysis of observational studies and controlled trials. Archives of Internal Medicine, 164(2): 146–152.

27. Cameron ID (2002). Hip protectors. BMJ, 324(7334): 375–376.

28. Zhang X, et al. (2005). Prospective cohort study of soy food consumption and risk of bone fracture among postmenopausal women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165(16): 1890–1895.

Other Works Consulted

• De Jong Z, et al. (2003). Is a long-term, high-intensity exercise program effective and safe in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis and Rheumatism, 48(9): 2415–2424.

• Vondracek SF, Hansen LB (2004). Current approaches to the management of osteoporosis in men. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacists, 61(17): 1801–1811.

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Author:	Robin Parks, MS	Last Updated: December 1, 2006
Medical Review:	Joy Melnikow, MD, MPH - Family Medicine Carla J. Herman, MD, MPH - Internal Medicine
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